Geoff Kole This documentary uses extensive archival film, movie clips and personal recollections to construct an audiovisual history of the gay community before the Stonewall riots. For the first time, we weren't letting ourselves be carted off to jails, gay people were actually fighting back just the way people in the peace movement fought back. Before Stonewall | Apple TV Fred Sargeant:Someone at this point had apparently gone down to the cigar stand on the corner and got lighter fluid. Virginia Apuzzo:It was free but not quite free enough for us. I was proud. Paul Bosche Virginia Apuzzo: I grew up with that. And the cops got that. "Daybreak Express" by D.A. Lauren Noyes. Daily News Watch Before Stonewall | Prime Video - amazon.com Danny Garvin:We became a people. Cause I was from the streets. Documentary | Stonewall Forever Mike Wallace (Archival):Two out of three Americans look upon homosexuals with disgust, discomfort or fear. They were just holding us almost like in a hostage situation where you don't know what's going to happen next. Urban Stages And the police escalated their crackdown on bars because of the reelection campaign. Almost anything you could name. And when she grabbed that everybody knew she couldn't do it alone so all the other queens, Congo Woman, queens like that started and they were hitting that door. Obama signed the memorandum to extend benefits to same-sex partners of federal employees. Narrator (Archival):Richard Enman, president of the Mattachine Society of Florida, whose goal is to legalize homosexuality between consenting adults, was a reluctant participant in tonight's program. Jerry Hoose:I was afraid it was over. Doing things like that. Fred Sargeant:The effect of the Stonewall riot was to change the direction of the gay movement. John O'Brien:They had increased their raids in the trucks. Homosexuality was a dishonorable discharge in those days, and you couldn't get a job afterwards. Few photographs of the raid and the riots that followed exist. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. It was terrifying. The music was great, cafes were good, you know, the coffee houses were good. Alan Lechner David Carter, Author ofStonewall:There was also vigilantism, people were using walkie-talkies to coordinate attacks on gay men. Martin Boyce:I heard about the trucks, which to me was fascinated me, you know, it had an imagination thing that was like Marseilles, how can it only be a few blocks away? I mean you got a major incident going on down there and I didn't see any TV cameras at all. Things were being thrown against the plywood, we piled things up to try to buttress it. It said the most dreadful things, it said nothing about being a person. They frequent their own clubs, and bars and coffee houses, where they can escape the disapproving eye of the society that they call straight. Colonial House Before Stonewall: The Making of a Gay and Lesbian Community Narrator (Archival):This is a nation of laws. Jerry Hoose:I remember I was in a paddy wagon one time on the way to jail, we were all locked up together on a chain in the paddy wagon and the paddy wagon stopped for a red light or something and one of the queens said "Oh, this is my stop." Just let's see if they can. But we had to follow up, we couldn't just let that be a blip that disappeared. If there's one place in the world where you can dance and feel yourself fully as a person and that's threatened with being taken away, those words are fighting words. Lilli M. Vincenz BBC Worldwide Americas Not able to do anything. Except for the few mob-owned bars that allowed some socializing, it was basically for verboten. I was never seduced by an older person or anything like that. Howard Smith, Reporter,The Village Voice:That night I'm in my office, I looked down the street, and I could see the Stonewall sign and I started to see some activity in front. And I just didn't understand that. Michael Dolan, Technical Advisors Before Stonewall - Wikipedia So in every gay pride parade every year, Stonewall lives. In the Life Heather Gude, Archival Research And as I'm looking around to see what's going on, police cars, different things happening, it's getting bigger by the minute. I could never let that happen and never did. and I didn't see anything but a forest of hands. And if we catch you, involved with a homosexual, your parents are going to know about it first. One of the world's oldest and largest gay pride parades became a victory celebration after New York's historic decision to legalize same-sex marriage. Robin Haueter But the before section, I really wanted people to have a sense of what it felt like to be gay, lesbian, transgender, before Stonewall and before you have this mass civil rights movement that comes after Stonewall. So I got into the subway, and on the car was somebody I recognized and he said, "I've never been so scared in my life," and I said, "Well, please let there be more than ten of us, just please let there be more than ten of us. So it was a perfect storm for the police. It was a 100% profit, I mean they were stealing the liquor, then watering it down, and they charging twice as much as they charged one door away at the 55. It was a way to vent my anger at being repressed. John O'Brien:There was one street called Christopher Street, where actually I could sit and talk to other gay people beyond just having sex. That's it. Louis Mandelbaum Danny Garvin And I hadn't had enough sleep, so I was in a somewhat feverish state, and I thought, "We have to do something, we have to do something," and I thought, "We have to have a protest march of our own." Giles Kotcher You throw into that, that the Stonewall was raided the previous Tuesday night. Get the latest on new films and digital content, learn about events in your area, and get your weekly fix of American history. Martha Babcock Tommy Lanigan-Schmidt:Those of us that were the street kids we didn't think much about the past or the future. I would get in the back of the car and they would say, "We're going to go see faggots." And, it was, I knew I would go through hell, I would go through fire for that experience. And the Stonewall was part of that system. The newly restored 1984 documentary "Before Stonewall: The Making of a Gay and Lesbian Community," re-released to coincide with the 50th anniversary of the seminal Stonewall riots, remains a . You know, it's just, everybody was there. Raymond Castro:New York City subways, parks, public bathrooms, you name it. Before Stonewall: The Making of a Gay and Lesbian Community Chris Mara Every arrest and prosecution is a step in the education of the public to the solution of the problem. He may appear normal, and it may be too late when you discover he is mentally ill. John O'Brien:I was a poor, young gay person. Producers Library Lucian Truscott, IV, Reporter,The Village Voice:What they did in the Stonewall that night. David Carter ", Martin Boyce:People in the neighborhood, the most unlikely people were starting to support it. A year earlier, young gays, lesbians and transgender people clashed with police near a bar called The Stonewall Inn. A medievalist. The most infamous of those institutions was Atascadero, in California. Tommy Lanigan-Schmidt:What was so good about the Stonewall was that you could dance slow there. The documentary "Before Stonewall" was very educational and interesting because it shows a retail group that fought for the right to integrate into the society and was where the homosexual revolution occurred. But everybody knew it wasn't normal stuff and everyone was on edge and that was the worst part of it because you knew they were on edge and you knew that the first shot that was fired meant all the shots would be fired. WPA Film Library, Thanks to Seymour Pine, Deputy Inspector, Morals Division, NYPD:And they were, they were kids. Because he was homosexual. by David Carter, Associate Producer and Advisor That this was normal stuff. Tires were slashed on police cars and it just went on all night long. The Chicago riots, the Human Be-in, the dope smoking, the hippies. Detective John Sorenson, Dade County Morals & Juvenile Squad (Archival):There may be some in this auditorium. Vanessa Ezersky Finally, Mayor Lindsay listened to us and he announced that there would be no more police entrapment in New York City. The scenes were photographed with telescopic lenses. John O'Brien:The election was in November of 1969 and this was the summer of 1969, this was June. And she was quite crazy. Before Stonewall (1984) - IMDb And, you know,The Village Voiceat that point started using the word "gay.". Few photographs of the raid and the riots that followed exist. Sign up for the American Experience newsletter! Howard Smith, Reporter,The Village Voice:And I keep listening and listening and listening, hoping I'm gonna hear sirens any minute and I was very freaked. Doug Cramer But I was just curious, I didn't want to participate because number one it was so packed. But I gave it up about, oh I forget, some years ago, over four years ago. And there was like this tension in the air and it just like built and built. John O'Brien:And then somebody started a fire, they started with little lighters and matches. Raymond Castro:I'd go in there and I would look and I would just cringe because, you know, people would start touching me, and "Hello, what are you doing there if you don't want to be touched?" You know. I just thought you had to get through this, and I thought I could get through it, but you really had to be smart about it. There may be some girls here who will turn lesbian. Fred Sargeant:We knew that they were serving drinks out of vats and buckets of water and believed that there had been some disease that had been passed. Tommy Lanigan-Schmidt:There were all these articles in likeLife Magazineabout how the Village was liberal and people that were called homosexuals went there. It's very American to say, "You promised equality, you promised freedom." John O'Brien:I was with a group that we actually took a parking meter out of theground, three or four people, and we used it as a battering ram. Narrator (Archival):Sure enough, the following day, when Jimmy finished playing ball, well, the man was there waiting. More than a half-century after its release, " The Queen " serves as a powerful time capsule of queer life as it existed before the 1969 Stonewall uprising. People standing on cars, standing on garbage cans, screaming, yelling. Virginia Apuzzo:It's very American to say, "This is not right." And I found them in the movie theatres, sitting there, next to them. And today we're talking about Stonewall, which were both pretty anxious about so anxious. They were not used to a bunch of drag queens doing a Rockettes kick line and sort of like giving them all the finger in a way. Martha Shelley:Before Stonewall, the homophile movement was essentially the Mattachine Society and Daughters of Bilitis and all of these other little gay organizations, some of which were just two people and a mimeograph machine. Jerry Hoose:Who was gonna complain about a crackdown against gay people? Queer was very big. Raymond Castro:You could hear screaming outside, a lot of noise from the protesters and it was a good sound. Before Stonewall: The Making of a Gay and Lesbian Community (Newly So if any one of you, have let yourself become involved with an adult homosexual, or with another boy, and you're doing this on a regular basis, you better stop quick. Before Stonewall (1984) - full transcript New York City's Stonewall Inn is regarded by many as the site of gay and lesbian liberation since it was at this bar that drag queens fought back against police June 27-28, 1969. Naturally, you get careless, you fall for it, and the next thing you know, you have silver bracelets on both arms. Howard Smith, Reporter,The Village Voice:At a certain point, it felt pretty dangerous to me but I noticed that the cop that seemed in charge, he said you know what, we have to go inside for safety. That summer, New York City police raided the Stonewall Inn, a popular gay bar in Greenwich Village. 400 Plankinton Ave. Compton's Cafeteria Raid, San Francisco, California, 1966 Coopers Do-Nut Raid, Los Angeles, California, 1959 Pepper Hill Club Raid, Baltimore, Maryland in 1955. Ellinor Mitchell The award-winning documentary film, Before Stonewall, which was released theatrically and broadcast on PBS television in 1984, explored the history of the lesbian and gay rights movement in the United States prior to 1969. ITN Source This 1968 Film Put Drag Queens In The Spotlight Before Stonewall - HuffPost If you came to a place like New York, you at least had the opportunity of connecting with people, and finding people who didn't care that you were gay. Homo, homo was big. All kinds of designers, boxers, big museum people. It was nonsense, it was nonsense, it was all the people there, that were reacting and opposing what was occurring. From left: "Before Stonewall" director Greta Schiller, executive producer John Scagliotti and co-director Robert Rosenberg in 1985. Slate:The Homosexual(1967), CBS Reports. kui Fred Sargeant:The tactical patrol force on the second night came in even larger numbers, and were much more brutal. Her most recent film, Bones of Contention, premiered in the 2016 Berlin International He pulls all his men inside. The Underground Lounge Jorge Garcia-Spitz American Airlines A sickness of the mind. Before Stonewall 1984 Directed by Greta Schiller, Robert Rosenberg Synopsis New York City's Stonewall Inn is regarded by many as the site of gay and lesbian liberation since it was at this bar that drag queens fought back against police June 27-28, 1969. Well, it was a nightmare for the lesbian or gay man who was arrested and caught up in this juggernaut, but it was also a nightmare for the lesbians or gay men who lived in the closet. And they were lucky that door was closed, they were very lucky. Yvonne Ritter:It's like people who are, you know, black people who are used to being mistreated, and going to the back of the bus and I guess this was sort of our going to the back of the bus. Stonewall Forever Explore the monument Watch the documentary Download the AR app About & FAQ Privacy Policy Martin Boyce:In the early 60s, if you would go near Port Authority, there were tons of people coming in. And you felt bad that you were part of this, when you knew they broke the law, but what kind of law was that? Synopsis. In 1969 the police raided the Stonewall Inn, a gay bar in New York City's Greenwich Village, leading to three nights of rioting by the city's gay community. And a couple of 'em had pulled out their guns. Here are my ID cards, you knew they were phonies. You had no place to try to find an identity. It was tremendous freedom. Evan Eames New York City's Stonewall Inn is regarded by many as the site of gay and lesbian liberation since it was at this bar that drag queens fought back against police June 27-28, 1969. And Howard said, "Boy there's like a riot gonna happen here," and I said, "yeah." If you would like to read more on the topic, here's a list: Subscribe to our show on Apple Podcasts, Spotify and NPR One. National Archives and Records Administration And once that happened, the whole house of cards that was the system of oppression of gay people started to crumble. But, that's when we knew, we were ourselves for the first time. I mean I'm talking like sardines. Danny Garvin:We were talking about the revolution happening and we were walking up 7th Avenue and I was thinking it was either Black Panthers or the Young Lords were going to start it and we turned the corner from 7th Avenue onto Christopher Street and we saw the paddy wagon pull up there. We love to hear from our listeners! It gives back a little of the terror they gave in my life. Martha Shelley:The riot could have been buried, it could have been a few days in the local newspaper and that was that. You cut one head off. Leaflets in the 60s were like the internet, today. Katrina Heilbroner Narrator (Archival):Note how Albert delicately pats his hair, and adjusts his collar. The last time I saw him, he was a walking vegetable. Hear more of the conversation and historical interviews at the audio link. Genre: Documentary, History, Drama. The term like "authority figures" wasn't used back then, there was just "Lily Law," "Patty Pig," "Betty Badge." TV Host (Archival):Are those your own eyelashes? And I raised my hand at one point and said, "Let's have a protest march." When you exit, have some identification and it'll be over in a short time." It was first released in 1984 with its American premiere at the Sundance Film Festival and its European premiere at the Berlinale, followed by a successful theatrical release in many countries and a national broadcast on PBS.

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